Canada
Canada is a nation covering of northern North America, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world’s second largest country by total area, and parts land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.
The land conquered by Canada was inhabited for millennia by different aboriginal lives. Starting in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions surveyed and later lived the Atlantic coast. France ceded almost all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years’ War. In 1867, with the joint of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was born as a federal dominion of four provinces. This started an accretion of more provinces and territories and a process of rising autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.
A federation including 10 provinces and 3 territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its chief of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada balances a diversified economy that is greatly reliant upon its large natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a lengthy and dynamic relationship. It is also a member of the G8, NATO, and Commonwealth of Nations.